The comparison between winning and losing silat olahraga
Shapie.M.N.M & Nur Elina Saleh
- Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor
- Pertubuhan Seni Gayung Fatani Malaysia
- UiTM Netball Player
Abstract
The
Malay martial art of pencak silat is an importance source of traditional acting
technique. The reason for this review is to decide the silat diversion related
statistic that separated between the winner and losing group in 28th Sea Games
Singapore 2015. The game statistic consists of punch, kick, topple, block,
block and kick, block and punch, block and sweep, fake kick, fake punch,
self-release, catch, dodge and others . Yet it will be classified on the
hit-target, hit-elsewhere and miss target (N. Shapie, Oliver, O'Donoghue, &
Tong, 2013). The losing
team makes less movement than the winning team. Moreover, the winning team
makes the much better movement during competition. All the raw data collected
from the all matches used the system produced by (M. M. Shapie, Oliver, O’Donoghue,
& Tong, 2013). The
descriptive analysis was used to determine the difference performance between
the winner and loser in silat matches.
Introduction
Silat is a collective
word for native’s martial arts that originates from Indonesia. It is traditionally
practiced in Southern Thailand, Singapore, Vietnam, Brunei, Philippines and
also Malaysia. Silat is a combative art of Malay fighting arts. Silat can
be divided into two categories which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga (Farrer, 2009). Since the beginning of the 18th
century till today, many silat practitioners still involve themselves in the
kickboxing or Muay Thai competition because the movements and principles
are quite similar to silat. There are exist of fundamental charges, times for
each match, target district to ambush the adversary and the scoring point for
each of the range that attacked (Aziz, Tan, and Teh, 2002). In September 1979,
Jakarta was the host of fourteenth SEA Games. At the point when the SEA
amusements were held, Indonesian Pencak Silat Federation (IPSA) introduced
Pencak Silat Olahraga (known as Silat Olahraga). They have been sorted out the
guidelines since 1973.
The
uniqueness of Silat Olahraga is the rule. In the rule, there are exist
of basic commands, time for each match, target area to attack the
opponent, and the scoring point for each of the area that attacked. For the
basic commands, the ‘wasit’ which is referee will issue the command
'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then, he will shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'.
Immediately the 'gong' will be struck. When the wasit wants to stop
the fight, he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning 'stop'. Every time the fighters
step out of the ring, the wasit will stop the fight and bring the fighters
back to the center. If a fighter repeatedly steps outside the ring,
especially if stepping backwards, the wasit may issue a penalty point. If pesilat
continues to do that he may be given 2 penalty points. If pesilat
still continues to step out of the ring, the wasit may even decide to end
the fight and proclaim pesilat opponent the winner. There are three rounds of
fighting, 2 minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest between each round.
Materials and Method
The
data has been collected based on 28th Sea Games Singapore 2015 women
55kg class B semifinals pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and
Laos, women 60kg class C quarterfinals pencak silat tanding category between
Singapore and Indonesia, women 65kg class D quarterfinals pencak silat tanding
category between Singapore and Thailand and women 65kg class D semifinals
pencak silat tanding category between Singapore and Malaysia. The video was
collected by using the YouTube Channel. The winning and losing participant will
be classified and the game-related statistics were collected. Data collected
was hit target, hit elsewhere and miss target. The video has been notated by
Nur Elina binti Saleh.
Motion Categories
Silat exponent’s motions were coded into 14
different types of categories and were defined as follows:
Punch: The punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with a
closed fist hitting the target. In silat punching is often used to fight the
opponent. It can be a straight punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the
exponent body.
Kick: The kick ‘tendang or terajang’ is an attacking
movement which is performed with one leg or two legs simultaneously. A kick can
be aimed at any target. It can be front kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’
or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang lengkar’.
Sweep: The blocking movements begin with the posture
position ‘sikap pasang’ the exponent stands straight with his hands around his
body or close to his chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using
arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or striking back at any
attack.
Topple: There are various ways of toppling down one’s
opponent. For example, a silat exponent ‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the
opponent’s back leg from the bag or from the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or
punch to make the opponent lose his balance. Every fall is considered valid as
long as the silat exponent topples his opponent down without wrestling or he is
able to overpower the opponent whom he has brought down.
Block: The blocking movements begin with the
posture position ‘sikap pasang’
the exponent stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his
chest. Blocking or parrying ‘tangkisan’
can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose to block off or
striking back at any attack.
Catch:
The catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent
from carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponents.
Dodge:
The evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries
to evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’,
retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to
the side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’ and
ducking ‘susup’.
Self-Release: Self-release ‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from an
opponent.
Block and Punch: The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack
using the hand to punch the opponent.
Block and Kick: The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack
using the leg to kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep: The blocking technique is used to block
any hand or leg attack from the opponent and followed by counter attack
using sweeping technique to the opponent.
Fake Punch: An action which a silat exponent intends
to confuse the opponent using a fake punch to break his opponent’s defensive
posture.
Fake Kick: An action which a silat exponent intends
to confuse the opponent using a fake kick to break his opponent defensive
posture.
Statistical Analysis
The
observation generated
data will be frequency counted. Mean and
standard deviation (SD) for all the marker has been computed to locate the
measurable factors that separated winning and losing group. Statistical
analysis was conducted by using statistical package for social scientist
(SPSS).
Results
(Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class
B 55kg category semifinals)
Singapore vs Laos (Singapore Lose)
INDICATOR
|
SINGAPORE
|
LAOS
|
Punch
hit target
|
16
|
7
|
Punch
hit elsewhere
|
1
|
1
|
Punch
miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Kick hit target
|
20
|
14
|
Kick hit elsewhere
|
9
|
18
|
Kick miss opponent
|
5
|
16
|
Sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep hit elsewhere
|
4
|
1
|
Sweep miss opponent
|
4
|
5
|
Topple hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Topple hit elsewhere
|
1
|
0
|
Topple miss opponent
|
3
|
3
|
Block hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block hit elsewhere
|
0
|
1
|
Block miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Catch hit target
|
1
|
1
|
Catch hit elsewhere
|
1
|
0
|
Catch miss opponent
|
3
|
3
|
Dodge hit target
|
0
|
1
|
Dodge hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Self- release hit target
|
2
|
2
|
Self-release hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Self-release miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and punch hit target
|
0
|
1
|
Block and punch hit elsewhere
|
2
|
0
|
Block and punch miss opponent
|
0
|
1
|
Block and kick hit target
|
1
|
4
|
Block and kick hit elsewhere
|
1
|
3
|
Block and kick miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep miss opponent
|
2
|
3
|
Fake kick hit target
|
0
|
2
|
Fake kick hit elsewhere
|
0
|
1
|
Fake kick miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Frequency Profile
SWEEP
|
|||||
LAOS
|
6
|
48
|
8
|
3
|
65
|
SINGAPORE
|
8
|
34
|
17
|
4
|
63
|
TOTAL
|
14
|
82
|
25
|
7
|
128
|
Calculation For Standart Deviation and Mean
|
STANDARD
DEVIATION SINGAPORE
|
STANDARD
DEVIATION LAOS
|
MEAN
SINGAPORE
|
MEAN
LAOS
|
PUNCH
|
8.96
|
3.78
|
5.6
|
2.66
|
KICK
|
7.76
|
2
|
11.33
|
16
|
SWEEP
|
2.30
|
2.64
|
2.66
|
2
|
TOPPLE
|
1.52
|
2.44
|
1.33
|
1
|
Results
(Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class
D 65kg category quarterfinals)
Singapore vs Thailand (Singapore
Win)
INDICATOR
|
SINGAPORE
|
THAILAND
|
Punch
hit target
|
19
|
5
|
Punch
hit elsewhere
|
1
|
1
|
Punch
miss opponent
|
0
|
2
|
Kick hit target
|
14
|
11
|
Kick hit elsewhere
|
4
|
12
|
Kick miss opponent
|
3
|
11
|
Sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep miss opponent
|
3
|
2
|
Topple hit target
|
2
|
0
|
Topple hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Topple miss opponent
|
2
|
3
|
Block hit target
|
3
|
1
|
Block hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Catch hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Catch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Catch miss opponent
|
5
|
1
|
Dodge hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge miss opponent
|
1
|
0
|
Self- release hit target
|
2
|
1
|
Self-release hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Self-release miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and punch hit target
|
3
|
0
|
Block and punch hit elsewhere
|
2
|
1
|
Block and punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and kick hit target
|
3
|
1
|
Block and kick hit elsewhere
|
0
|
6
|
Block and kick miss opponent
|
0
|
1
|
Block and sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep miss opponent
|
1
|
2
|
Fake kick hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake kick hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake kick miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Frequency Profile
EXPONENT
|
SWEEP
|
KICK
|
PUNCH
|
TOPPLE
|
TOTAL
|
SINGAPORE
|
3
|
21
|
20
|
4
|
48
|
THAILAND
|
2
|
34
|
8
|
3
|
47
|
TOTAL
|
5
|
55
|
28
|
7
|
95
|
Calculation For Standart Deviation and Mean
STANDARD DEVIATION SINGAPORE
|
STANDARD DEVIATION THAILAND
|
MEAN SINGAPORE
|
MEAN THAILAND
|
|
PUNCH
|
10.69
|
2.08
|
6.66
|
2.66
|
KICK
|
6.08
|
0.57
|
7
|
11.33
|
SWEEP
|
1.73
|
1.15
|
1
|
0.66
|
TOPPLE
|
1.15
|
1.73
|
1.33
|
1
|
Results
(Pencak Silat Women’s Tanding class
D 65kg category semifinals)
Singapore vs Malaysia (Singapore
Lose)
INDICATOR
|
SINGAPORE
|
MALAYSIA
|
Punch
hit target
|
6
|
11
|
Punch
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
2
|
Punch
miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Kick hit target
|
2
|
14
|
Kick hit elsewhere
|
1
|
0
|
Kick miss opponent
|
1
|
2
|
Sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep miss opponent
|
1
|
0
|
Topple hit target
|
0
|
2
|
Topple hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Topple miss opponent
|
3
|
4
|
Block hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block miss opponent
|
2
|
2
|
Catch hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Catch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Catch miss opponent
|
0
|
1
|
Dodge hit target
|
0
|
1
|
Dodge hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Self- release hit target
|
1
|
0
|
Self-release hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Self-release miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and punch hit target
|
2
|
2
|
Block and punch hit elsewhere
|
2
|
2
|
Block and punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block and kick hit target
|
2
|
3
|
Block and kick hit elsewhere
|
1
|
0
|
Block and kick miss opponent
|
1
|
1
|
Block and sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block and sweep miss opponent
|
0
|
2
|
Fake kick hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake kick hit elsewhere
|
2
|
0
|
Fake kick miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch hit target
|
0
|
2
|
Fake punch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Frequency Profile
SWEEP
|
|||||
MALAYSIA
|
0
|
16
|
13
|
6
|
35
|
SINGAPORE
|
1
|
4
|
6
|
3
|
14
|
TOTAL
|
1
|
20
|
19
|
9
|
49
|
Calculation For Standart Deviation and Mean
STANDARD DEVIATION SINGAPORE
|
STANDARD DEVIATION MALAYSIA
|
MEAN SINGAPORE
|
MEAN MALAYSIA
|
|
PUNCH
|
3.4
|
5.85
|
2
|
4.33
|
KICK
|
0.57
|
7.57
|
1.33
|
5.33
|
SWEEP
|
0.57
|
0
|
0.33
|
0
|
TOPPLE
|
1.73
|
2
|
1
|
2
|
Results
(Pencak
Silat Women’s Tanding class C 60kg category quarterfinals)
Singapore
vs Indonesia (Singapore Lose)
INDICATOR
|
SINGAPORE
|
INDONESIA
|
Punch hit target
|
5
|
1
|
Punch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Kick
hit target
|
9
|
11
|
Kick
hit elsewhere
|
3
|
2
|
Kick
miss opponent
|
3
|
2
|
Sweep
hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Sweep
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
4
|
Sweep
miss opponent
|
0
|
1
|
Topple
hit target
|
0
|
1
|
Topple
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Topple
miss opponent
|
0
|
2
|
Block
hit target
|
0
|
2
|
Block
hit elsewhere
|
1
|
1
|
Block
miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Catch
hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Catch
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
1
|
Catch
miss opponent
|
3
|
3
|
Dodge
hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Dodge
miss opponent
|
1
|
1
|
Self-
release hit target
|
0
|
1
|
Self-release
hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Self-release
miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block
and punch hit target
|
3
|
0
|
Block
and punch hit elsewhere
|
3
|
1
|
Block
and punch miss opponent
|
0
|
1
|
Block
and kick hit target
|
1
|
5
|
Block
and kick hit elsewhere
|
3
|
3
|
Block
and kick miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Block
and sweep hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Block
and sweep hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Block
and sweep miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Fake
kick hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake
kick hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake
kick miss opponent
|
1
|
1
|
Fake
punch hit target
|
0
|
0
|
Fake
punch hit elsewhere
|
0
|
0
|
Fake
punch miss opponent
|
0
|
0
|
Frequency Profile
EXPONENT
|
SWEEP
|
KICK
|
PUNCH
|
TOPPLE
|
TOTAL
|
INDONESIA
|
5
|
15
|
1
|
3
|
24
|
SINGAPORE
|
0
|
15
|
5
|
0
|
20
|
TOTAL
|
5
|
30
|
6
|
3
|
44
|
Calculation For Standart Deviation and Mean
STANDARD
DEVIATION SINGAPORE
|
STANDARD
DEVIATION INDONESIA
|
MEAN
SINGAPORE
|
MEAN
INDONESIA
| |
PUNCH
|
2.88
|
0.57
|
1.66
|
0.33
|
KICK
|
3.46
|
5.19
|
5
|
5
|
SWEEP
|
0
|
2.08
|
0
|
1.66
|
TOPPLE
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
1
|
Discussion
Pencak
Silat is a popular Asian martial art. This game is exceptionally intriguing in
light of the fact that it includes an ability that was a mix of hand to hand
fighting aptitudes, battling, and self-protection. The examination past is
states that silat competitors tought to be extraordinary in both kicking and
punching yet punching recurrence is lower than a kicking (M. M. Shapie et al., 2013). However, silat competitors should
create punching ability speedier and precise in light of the fact that punching
is the high rate effective of hitting target contrast with kicking expertise in
rivalry (M. M. Shapie et al., 2013). From the first match result Singapore
vs Laos class B 55kg category which Laos is winning this match, Laos is more
used kicking skill than Singapore. That is why Laos get more point.
Furthermore, Laos do less mistake that can deduct her point than Singapore.
Besides kicking, Laos also do more block and kicking hit target to her
opponent. Singapore also do more skill such as kicking and punching hit target
but at the same time, Singapore do lot of mistake that deduct her point and
finally got less point because of her mistakes. This is one of the different
between winning and losing in silat olahraga. Competitor must wise to make
strategy plan and technique during match (Wahab, 1989).
For
the second match result which is Singapore vs Thailand class D 65kg category
which Singapore is winning this match, what can I observed from the video is
Singapore do more attacking than Thailand. As we can see from the result,
Singapore makes 19 times punch hit target, 14 times kick hit target and 2 times
topple toward her opponent. As we can see the sample paired test at the table
above show, there are totally different between winning and losing. This
observation for the winner while for the loser is Thailand make less attacking
during match. Thailand gives more opportunity to Singapore to make more
attacking during match. In first round, Singapore do 3 times strike kicking
towards Thailand and it show that Singapore very fast make a movement and
attack towards her opponent and also not even once give an opportunity towards
Thailand to make some movement. Thailand just makes 5 times punch hit target and
11 times kick hit target towards her opponent for the whole match. During the
low intensity activity both of the silat exponents were deemed to be performing
low activity actions such as “sikap pasang” posture or coming close to each
other using silat step pattern “pola langkah”. Silat competitors must improve
their fitness level to improve the performance (Fong & Ng, 2011).
Conclusion
Based
on the researcher, punch hit target, kick hit target, sweep and topple skill
was mostly used for winning team (Anuar, 1993). The current study has provided a great understanding of the
information for the silat by looking at the activity involved in competition.
Both of the exponents performed more high intensity actions than low intensity
actions.
Based
on the observation, the winning team used a lot of technique or skill that
involve the higher point such as topple down and sweep. The competitor should
improve their skill especially on topple and sweep. Besides, all the four video
matches that I observed and what can I saw the weakness are the competitor had
lack of speed and power on kicking, punching, topple down and sweep. They
should improve their fitness level especially on speed and power to make better
movement and very fast during match. If an athlete is able to increase the
effectiveness of mass of their training skills, they will produce a great
momentum of their skills during competition (Lenetsky, Nates, Brughelli, & Harris,
2015). Overall, there are 4 video
matches that I got and observed from the YouTube and all this video are not
same category. There are 3 categories from this 4 video which are category
class B, C and D. From all the video that I observed, Singapore just winning 1
game and another 3 matches are losing. All the matches had shown the result and
also shown the different result between winning and losing at above.
Silat
olahraga is the native martial art and very famous Malay sport in Malaysia (M. M. Shapie et al., 2013) . This sport expose very well in
Malaysia and many folks want to involve this sport. This sport involves high
intensity in fitness level especially in speed and power. All the competitor
should improve and develop more fitness level especially in speed and power if
want to be more expert athlete in silat olahraga.
References
A. Anuar. (1993). Silat olahraga (2nd edn.). The
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martial art Shadows of the prophet
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S. S. M. Fong, & G. Y. F. Ng. (2011). Does
taekwondo training improve physical fitness? Physical Therapy in Sport, 12(2), 100-106. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2010.07.001
S. Lenetsky, R. J. Nates, M. Brughelli, & N.
K. Harris. (2015). Is effective mass in combat sports punching above its
weight? Human Movement Science, 40,
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Latiff, Z. A. (2012). Revisiting Pencak
Silat: The Malay Martial Arts in Theatre Practice and Actor Training. Asian
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Wilson,
I. D. (2003). The politics of inner power: the practice of Pencak Silat
in West Java (Doctoral dissertation, Murdoch University).
Aziz,
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Vincent,
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About Author
This article was submitted by Nur Elina an expert of combat sport research. Did you find this article useful? Email nurelinasaleh95@gmail.com
This article was submitted by Nur Elina an expert of combat sport research. Did you find this article useful? Email nurelinasaleh95@gmail.com
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